Apparatus for intermittently operating electrical load devices



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APPARATUS FOR NTERMITTENTLY OPERATING ELECTRICAL LOAD DEVICES FiledMarch 24, 1938 2 Sheets-Sheei l if@ f2 y .9

z 24 f Q4 (gj Z2 HNVENTOR SHUEL FEINGOLD NGV. 19, FEINGOLD APPARATUS FORINTERMITTENTLY OPERATING ELECTRICAL LOAD DEVICES Filed March 24, 1938 2Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Nov. 19, 1940 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICEAPPARATUS FOR INTERMITTENTLY OFERu ATING ELECTRICAL LOAD DEVICES 6Claims.

This invention relates to improvements in di` rect currentintermittently operated electrical devices, and broadly deals withdevices o the character contemplated wherein electrical means areprovided for intermittentlyoperating desired electrical load devices.

The present invention deals with intermittently operating electricaldevices employing direct current wherein a condenser is charged througha load and discharged either through said load or through another load.The charging process may serve to operate electrical load devices suchas resistors, relays, coils, gaseous tubes, incandescent lamps, circuitbreakers, etc. The discharge volt age of the condenser also may beemployed for charging devices for safeguarding property as for instancestrong boxes, safes, fences, homes, etc. For certain of the above, saiddischarge voltage may be stepped up through inductive impedance toprovide the desired operative results.

The accompanying drawings illustrate various electric andelectro-mechanical apparatus for carrying out the purposes of theinvention. The circuits shown by no means exhaust the uses orapplications of the invention and are intended as exemplary only of theuniversal application of the principles of the invention. As thei'ollowing specification, which is based on these drawings, progresses,the features, purposes, and adn vantages of the .invention will becomemore clearly apparent.

in the drawings:

Figs. l, 2, 5 and 6 are wiring diagrams of apn paratus for producing theintermittent operations of a load device.

Figs. 3, 4, 7, 8 and 12 are wiring diagrams or apparatus for variablycontrolling the .time ci operation of load devices.

Figs. 9, 10, and 11 are Wiring diagrams ci' appau ratus acting ascontroller and load devices.

If a condenser is shunted by a resistance, and to the combination, apotential or voltage is applied, the condenser will charge up to thevoltage of the applied source of current. If now this current source isremoved, the condenser will discharge through the resistance, the rateof discharge depending upon the values oi the capacity and resistance ofthe circuit. "ii the resistance is :replaced by an inductance such as atransformer or a combination of resistance and inductance such as arelay or the like, the condenser in discharging can be made to do usefulwork. In the case of the transformer, the dis-- charging current will bevarying and oscillatory (Cl. MI5-373) and will produce a varying oralternating current in the secondary, the value of said currentdepending upon the capacity of the condenser, the resistance, andinductance of the transformer,v and upon the ratio of the primary tosecondary turns. When a relay or the like is substituted icr theresistance, the current discharging through it can produce mechanicalaction. One or more coils of a rnulti-coil device can be connectedacross the condenser, and the discharging current can aid one coil toassist or counteract the flux produced in any of the other coils. If thecoil is in series with the parallel combination o condenser andresistance or condenser and inductance, and a resistance orresistance-inductance combination such as a relay were added and avoltage applied across the end terminals, the current would 'ce at amaximum in the relay at the instant or voltage application, woulddiminish in value as the condenser charges up, and finally reach asteady value, depending on the voltage and the resistance values of theseries and shunt inductances. The condenser would then charge to thevalue of the voltage across the shunt inductance. When the voltage isremoved, the condenser will discharge through the shunt inductance, orWhatever load is placed across it and produce electrical or mechanicaleiiects characteristic oi the load. Ii the series inductance is a relay,the contact springs can be Wired to automatically remove the voltage,allowing the condenser to discharge through the load. lin this case thedevice would be a selfinterrupted pulser.

if a condenser is placed in series with a resistance and currentapplied, the condenser will charge up through the resistance to thevalue of the applied voltage at which time the current will stop flowingdue to the counter E. M. F. of the condenser. if the voltage is nowremoved, the condenser will remain in a charged state since the chargecannot leak ofc" anywhere. If a load were now placed across thecondenser, the load would be acted upon by the discharging current. Iithe resistance were replaced by a relay, the contact springs thereof canbe so arranged and Wired that a condenser will charge up through therelay coil and discharge through a load device when the relay currentstops flowing. The device thus can be made self-actuating.

The foregoing principles have been described in my previousapplications, Serial Nos. 81,831 and 145,286.

Referring now to the drawings, the polarity 2 ananas? markings simplyindicate connection to a source of current and need not be of the signshown.

In Fig. l is shown an apparatus for intermittently operating a loademploying an electromechanical or electromagnetic device o! the switchtype. This device shown at 23 as solenoid operated may be also magneticoperated or of the pendulum or rocker arm type iltted with contacts. Itmay or may not be self-starting although shown here oi.' theself-starting type. One end o! thisdevice is connected to a source ofcurrent at I4 and in series therewith is placed a condenser I5 which isconnected at I3 to said current source. The last-mentioned currentsource connection is connected with the armature I8 o! said device 28and a load I8 is shunted across the condenser and said amature. In thisdevice current will ilow from the terminal I3 through the condenser I5and through the coil I8 of the electromagnetic device to the otherterminal Il. The coil I8 will become energized to attract the amature Iland removing said armature from engagement with the contact I1 currentwill continue to iiow until the condenser I5 has been fully charged. Atthis time the current now will stop and the coil I8 will be de-energizedallowing the armature I8 to reengage the contact I'I. Thisshort-circuits the condenser through the load I3 which in the presentinstance is the primary winding of a transformer, and the condenser willdischarge through said load. After discharge, the cycle is againrepeated.

The apparatus shown in Fig. 2 is substantially similar .to thatdescribed for Fig. l with the exception that the current source terminalI3 is connected to both the load I3 and the contact I1 instead of to thearmature I8 and the condenser I5. The operating eii'ect here isthe samesince the condenser I5 discharges through the load I3 upon engagement ofthe contact I1 with the armature I8.

Somewhat similarly to the two devices above described the apparatusshown in Fig. 5 has its terminal I3 connected to the condenser I5 and tothe load I9; and in Fig. 6 said terminals connected to the contact I'Iand to the condenser I5. The operating eiIects of these two devices aresimilar to those above described.

In Fig. '7 there is illustrated a system for timing the operation of aload or series of loads in a definite time cycle. Here the principlethat a charged condenser in series with an electrical device willprevent the passage of current through that device unless some or all ofthe charge is removed, is employed. In this device the terminals of theexciting current source, designated 2I and 22 are connected in serieswith the coil of an electro-magnetic switch 2l, with the armature 23 oisaid switch, a contact 23 and a variable resistance 28. Shunted acrosssaid armature. contact and resistance there is connected a condenser 23.The electro-magnetic switch is provided with a second armature 33 havingassociation with contacts and 38 and loads 31 and 33 are respectivelyconnected with said contacts andl connected with a common terminal oi' acurrent supply 33, the armature 33 being also connected to said currentsupply. In operation current will tlow through the coil 25 charging thecondenser 23 and the armatures 23 and 33 will be attracted until thecondenser 23 is fully charged. The armature 23 will thus be out ofcontact with the contact 28 and the armature 33 will be in contact withthe contact 36. This latter condition will cause operation oi the loaddevice 33 by reason of the source of power at the terminals 34 and 39which incidently may be connected to the same source of power as theterminals 2i and 22. When the condenser 23 has been charged up, thecurrent now in 25 will cease and the armatures 23 and 33 will resume theposition shown in the drawings. The armature 33 will now be in contactwith the contact 35 to place the load 31 in operative circuit, and thearmature 25 will now be in contact with the contact 23 to enable thecondenser 23 to discharge through the resistance 28. Since the rate oicharge and discharge of the condenser depends upon the value of theresistance for a constant capacity, increasing the resistance 28 has theeflect of slowing down the discharge and decreasing said resistance hasthe opposite eiIect of speeding up the discharge. The condenser willdischarge to the value of the voltage drop across the resistance. Whenthat voltage is reached current will tiow through the parallelarrangement of the resistance 28 and the condenser 23 and also throughthe coil 25. This coil will then again attract the armatures 28 and 33and the cycle of operation will repeat. A limiting resistance 43 whichmay be variable if desired may be placed in series with the condenser 23to further control the rate of charge and discharge of said condenser.When such a resistance is absent the rate of charge is dependent whollyupon the resistance of the electro-magnetic switch and the capacitythereon.

The apparatus shown in Fig. 8 diiers i'rom the device of Fig. 7 in thedifferent point of application of one ot the power source terminals. Inthis instance said terminal is connected to the contact 29 and thecondenser 23, the resistance 2E being connected between the armature 23and the coil 25. This device will operate substantially similarly to thedevice shown in Fig. 7.

The apparatus shown in Fig. l2 has one terminal of the power sourceconnected to the contact 23 and the resistance 28 and the condenser 23is connected to the armature 28 and the coil 25 as well as to thevariable resistance 28. The operation of this device is also similar tothose above described.

The devices shown in Figs. 3 and 4 are timing devices of the generaltypes shown in Figs. '7, B, and l2. In Fig. 3 the armature 28 isprovided with an additional contact 30 connected in series with a loaddevice 3|. The charging of the condenser 23 through the coil 25 is thesame as before described for Fig. 7. When the armature 23 engages thecontact 30 the load 3l is operated, said load getting its oppositepotential at 32. Simultaneously, the armature 33 engages the contact 38operating a load device 33. When the two armatures return to theposition shown the condenser discharges and the load 31 is operated.

In Fig. 4 the condenser 23 instead of discharging through the resistanceis arranged to discharge through the coil II of an electro-magneticswitch device 40. The switch I2 of said device is arranged to operatealternately the loads 85 and 48.

'Iiming circuits above described may be employed to control otherpulsating circuits, these latter circuits then being in the nature ofloads. Three representative circuits o! this nature have been shown inFigs. 9, 10, and ll.

The timing circuit shown in Fig. 9 is essentially similar to that shownin Fig. 7 and its operation will be clear from the foregoingdescription. The u pulsating circuit comprises an electro-magnet device15 having its coil 16 in parallel with a condenser 18 and provided withan armature 14 having a contact 13 connected with the contact 36associated with the armature 33 of the timing unit. A load 19 isconnected in series with the parallel arrangement of the coil 16 andcondenser 18, and the armature 14. In operation, when the armature 33 isattracted to the contact 36, current ows through contact 13, amature 1I,load 19, and condenser 18, to terminal 11. 'Ihe load 19 is thusenergized and the condenser 18 charged. The device 15 being highlysensitive and quick acting, will operate when the condenser has receivedonly a small charge and the voltage drop thereacross will besuiiiciently high to operate said device. 'I'he armature il will beattracted to break the circuit, and the condenser 18 will dischargethrough the coil 16 to cause attraction of the armature 14 for theperiod of discharge. Breaking the circuit also causes deenergization ofthe load 19 and the pulsing circuit can be thus made to operate severaltimes for each cycle of operation of the timing circuit.

Fig. 10 illustrates a combination of the apparatus shown in Figs. 3 and1 wherein the former is used as a. timer and the latter as a puiser.Here again the pulser may operate several times for each cycle ofoperation of the timer.

In Fig. l1 is shown a combination of a timer such as shown in Fig. 4 anda puiser such as shown in Fig. 1 giving asimilar type of operation.

I claim:

1. Intermittently operating electrical apparatus comprising a condenserand an electro-magnetic device including a switch, said condenser andelectro magnetic device being connected in series A with a source ofdirect current, and an electric load device connected in series withsaid condenser and said switch for receiving and discharge of saidcondenser when the current iiow through said electro-magnetic device isinterrupted by the increased counter E. M. F. of the condenser whencharged.

2. In apparatus of the character described, a condenser, a load device,and a switch connected to form a circuit for discharging said condenserinto said load, an electro-magnetic device for controlling said switchconnected in series with said discharge circuit, and a source of directcurrent having one terminal connected to said discharge circuit and theother to said electro-magnetic device, said electro-magnetic deviceholding said switch open during the charging period of said condenserand releasing said switch to form the mentioned discharging circuit whenthe current ilow through said electro-magnetic device is interrupted bythe increased counter E. M. F. oi the condenser when charged.

3. In apparatus of the character described, a condenser charging circuitcomprising a condenser and an electro-magnetic device in series with asource of direct current, and a discharging circuit for said condensercomprising said con.- denser, a load device for receiving the dischargeof said condenser and a switch associated with said electro-magneticdevice for closing said discharging circuit upon interruption of currentilow in said latter device caused by the increased counter E. M. F. ofthe charged condenser.

4. In apparatus of the character described, a source of direct current,a condenser and an electro-magnetic device in series with said source ofdirect current, and an electric load device and a switch controlled bysaid electro-magnetic device in shunt with said condenser, said loaddevice absorbing the discharge of said condenser upon interruption ofthe current flow through the switch by said electro-magnetic device.

5. Intermittently operating electrical apparatus comprising a condenserand an electro-magnetic device in series with one terminal of a sourceof direct current, a discharge circuit for the condenser comprising saidcondenser, a resistance and a switch associated with saidelectro-magnetic device, said discharge circuit being connected to theother terminal of said source of direct current, said resistancereceiving the discharge of said condenser through said switch uponinterruption by the increased counter E. M. F. of the charged condenserof the current ilow through said electromagnetic device, a second switchoperable by said electro-magnetic device, load devices connected to saidsecond switch, and direct current connections for said load devices andsaid second switch.

6. Intermittently operating electrical apparatus comprising a condenserand an electro-magnetic device in series with a source of directcurrent. a discharge circuit for the condenser comprising saidcondenser, an electric device, and a switch associated with saidelectro-magnetic device, said electric device receiving the discharge ofsaid condenser through said switch upon interruption by the increasedcounter E. M. F. of the charged condenser of the current flow throughsaid electro-magnetic device, a second switch operable by saidelectro-magnetic device, load devices connected to said second switch,direct current connections for said load devices and said second switch,and another load device connected to the first-mentioned switch andoperable during the charging period of the condenser.

SAMUEL FEINGOLD.

n CERTIFICATE CE CORRECTION. patent No. 2,221,867,

v h November 19, 19h0.

SAMUEL FEINGOLD. y

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed speeificationoftheabove numbered ptent requiring correctionabllows: Page5,firstcolumn, line )4.0, claim l, for the word"a'ndf' after "receiving" read-the; andthatthesaidetters Patent shoulebeireadwiththis correctiontherein that the same may conform to the record of the caseiJIthe PatentOffice.

signed and-sealed this 51st day of December, A. D. 19uo.

Henry Van Arsdale,

(Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents.

Y CERTIFICATE oF coRREcTIoN. Patent No. 2,221,867

Y November 19, 19140, SAMUEL-FEINGOLD.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specificationof the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page 5,first column, line )4.0, claim l, for the wordmd" lifter4 "receiving"read -the-'; and that the said Letters Patent should be readwith thiscorrection therein that the sameV may conform to the record of thece-.se in the Patent Office.

signed and sea-led this 51st day of December, A, D.' 19140.

Henry Van Arsdale, (Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents.

